{"id":5054,"date":"2024-09-19T15:41:55","date_gmt":"2024-09-19T15:41:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/?p=5054"},"modified":"2026-01-10T08:34:24","modified_gmt":"2026-01-10T08:34:24","slug":"fca-incoterms-2026-fca-shipping-terms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/is\/fca-incoterms-2026-fca-shipping-terms\/","title":{"rendered":"FCA Incoterms 2026 og FCA sendingarskilm\u00e1lar"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd hra\u00f0skrei\u00f0um heimi al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0avi\u00f0skipta er afar mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 tryggja grei\u00f0a afhendingu vara yfir landam\u00e6ri. \u00dear sem margir a\u00f0ilar, l\u00f6nd og regluger\u00f0ir koma a\u00f0 m\u00e1linu er nau\u00f0synlegt a\u00f0 sk\u00fdra \u00e1byrg\u00f0 kaupenda og seljenda \u00ed hverri vi\u00f0skiptum. \u00deetta er \u00fear sem... Incoterms<\/strong> (Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0leg vi\u00f0skiptaskilm\u00e1lar) koma vi\u00f0 s\u00f6gu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Einn vins\u00e6lasti Incoterm-skilm\u00e1lar eru FCA (frj\u00e1ls flutningsa\u00f0ili)<\/strong>A\u00f0 skilja hvernig \u00feetta virkar getur einfalda\u00f0 flutningsferli verulega og hj\u00e1lpa\u00f0 til vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast misskilning \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0avi\u00f0skiptum. \u00cd \u00feessari handb\u00f3k munum vi\u00f0 \u00fatsk\u00fdra FCA Incoterm \u00e1 einfaldan h\u00e1tt, brj\u00f3ta ni\u00f0ur \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00feess, kosti og hvernig \u00fea\u00f0 passar inn \u00ed st\u00e6rra samhengi al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0avi\u00f0skipta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hva\u00f0 eru Incoterms og hvers vegna eru \u00feeir mikilv\u00e6gir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00c1\u00f0ur en fari\u00f0 er \u00ed FCA er mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 skilja hva\u00f0 Incoterms<\/strong> eru og hvers vegna \u00feau gegna mikilv\u00e6gu hlutverki \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0avi\u00f0skiptum. Incoterms<\/strong> eru safn sta\u00f0la\u00f0ra vi\u00f0skiptaskilm\u00e1la sem gefin eru \u00fat af Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0avi\u00f0skiptar\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 (ICC)<\/strong>\u00deessir skilm\u00e1lar eru hanna\u00f0ir til a\u00f0 draga \u00far ruglingi me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fatsk\u00fdra hver ber \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 mismunandi \u00fe\u00e1ttum flutningsferlisins, svo sem flutningi, \u00e1h\u00e6ttu og tollafgrei\u00f0slu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00deegar vi\u00f0skipti eiga s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 \u00e1 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0avettvangi \u00feurfa seljendur og kaupendur a\u00f0 vera sk\u00fdrir um hver borgar fyrir hva\u00f0, hver ber \u00e1h\u00e6ttuna og hvert s\u00fa \u00e1byrg\u00f0 flyst. Incoterms svara spurningum eins og:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Hver s\u00e9r um a\u00f0 skipuleggja og borga fyrir flutninga?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Hver ber \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 tollafgrei\u00f0slu og gj\u00f6ldum?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Hven\u00e6r flyst \u00e1h\u00e6ttan fr\u00e1 seljanda til kaupanda?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    \u00c1n sk\u00fdrra samninga getur ruglingur um \u00feessar uppl\u00fdsingar leitt til tafa, aukins kostna\u00f0ar e\u00f0a jafnvel deilna. \u00deess vegna nota fyrirt\u00e6ki Incoterms \u00ed samningum s\u00ednum til a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 b\u00e1\u00f0ir a\u00f0ilar skilji skyldur s\u00ednar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00dea\u00f0 eru 11 Incoterms<\/strong> \u00cd heildina skilgreinir hvert \u00feeirra s\u00e9rstaka \u00e1byrg\u00f0 kaupenda og seljenda. Sumar henta betur fyrir \u00e1kve\u00f0nar tegundir flutninga, en a\u00f0rar eiga vi\u00f0 um allar tegundir flutninga. FCA<\/strong> er einn af mest nota\u00f0u og fj\u00f6lh\u00e6fu Incoterms-samningunum, sem gerir hann a\u00f0 fr\u00e1b\u00e6rum valkosti fyrir margs konar al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0leg vi\u00f0skipti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Hva\u00f0 er FCA Incoterm<\/strong> ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    FCA (frj\u00e1ls flutningsa\u00f0ili)<\/strong> er Incoterm sem leggur megin\u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 afhendingu v\u00f6ru \u00e1 tiltekinn sta\u00f0 \u00e1 seljanda. \u00deegar seljandi hefur afhent v\u00f6runa til tilnefnds flutningsa\u00f0ila kaupanda \u00e1 tilgreindum sta\u00f0 f\u00e6rist \u00e1h\u00e6ttan \u00e1 tj\u00f3ni e\u00f0a skemmdum yfir \u00e1 kaupanda. Eftir \u00feennan t\u00edmapunkt ber kaupandi \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 skipuleggja a\u00f0alflutninginn og sj\u00e1 um tollafgrei\u00f0slu \u00ed \u00e1fangasta\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Helstu eiginleikar FCA:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. \u00c1byrg\u00f0 seljanda<\/strong>:\n
        \n
      • Seljandi ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 pakka v\u00f6runum til a\u00f0 tryggja \u00f6rugga flutninga.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Seljandi ber \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 um tollafgrei\u00f0slu \u00fatflutnings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Seljandi afhendir v\u00f6rurnar \u00e1 tilgreindan sta\u00f0 (nefndan sta\u00f0), svo sem flutningami\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0, v\u00f6ruh\u00fas e\u00f0a annan sta\u00f0 sem sami\u00f0 er um \u00ed samningi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u00c1byrg\u00f0 kaupanda<\/strong>:\n
          \n
        • Kaupandi s\u00e9r um flutning fr\u00e1 afhendingarsta\u00f0 a\u00f0 loka\u00e1fangasta\u00f0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Kaupandi ber alla \u00e1h\u00e6ttu og kostna\u00f0 \u00feegar v\u00f6rurnar hafa veri\u00f0 afhentar tilnefndum flutningsa\u00f0ila.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Kaupandinn s\u00e9r um tollafgrei\u00f0slu, gj\u00f6ld og a\u00f0ra skatta \u00ed innflutningslandinu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          FCA er miki\u00f0 nota\u00f0 \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 vi\u00f0 um allar flutningsm\u00e1ta, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al \u00ed lofti, \u00e1 sj\u00f3, \u00e1 vegum og me\u00f0 j\u00e1rnbrautum. \u00deetta gerir \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9rstaklega ver\u00f0m\u00e6tt \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0avi\u00f0skiptum \u00fear sem v\u00f6rur geta veri\u00f0 fluttar me\u00f0 m\u00f6rgum flutningsa\u00f0fer\u00f0um \u00e1\u00f0ur en \u00fe\u00e6r komast \u00e1 loka\u00e1fangasta\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          Hvernig FCA virkar \u00ed reynd<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          Til a\u00f0 skilja betur FCA Incoterm samninginn, skulum vi\u00f0 sko\u00f0a d\u00e6miger\u00f0a FCA f\u00e6rslu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Skref 1: Seljandi undirb\u00fdr v\u00f6rur til sendingar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Seljandi pakkar v\u00f6runum til a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r s\u00e9u \u00f6ruggar til flutnings. \u00deetta g\u00e6ti fali\u00f0 \u00ed s\u00e9r s\u00e9rstakar kr\u00f6fur um umb\u00fa\u00f0ir til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir skemmdir, allt eftir e\u00f0li v\u00f6runnar. Seljandinn fyllir einnig \u00fat allt papp\u00edrsvinnu sem tengist \u00fatflutningi og tryggir a\u00f0 v\u00f6rurnar uppfylli lagaleg skilyr\u00f0i fyrir flutning \u00far landi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Skref 2: Seljandi afhendir v\u00f6rur \u00e1 sam\u00feykktan sta\u00f0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Seljandinn flytur v\u00f6rurnar til nefndur sta\u00f0ur<\/strong>\u00deetta g\u00e6ti veri\u00f0 v\u00f6ruh\u00fas seljanda, h\u00f6fn e\u00f0a annar sta\u00f0ur \u00fear sem b\u00faist er vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 flutningsa\u00f0ili kaupanda s\u00e6ki v\u00f6rurnar. N\u00e1kv\u00e6mur afhendingarsta\u00f0ur ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 vera tilgreindur sk\u00fdrt \u00ed samningnum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Skref 3: Kaupandi ber \u00e1byrg\u00f0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u00deegar v\u00f6rurnar hafa veri\u00f0 afhentar flutningsa\u00f0ila kaupanda \u00e1 ums\u00f6mdum sta\u00f0 flyst \u00e1byrg\u00f0in \u00e1 v\u00f6runum fr\u00e1 seljanda til kaupanda. \u00deetta \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 kaupandinn ber alla \u00e1h\u00e6ttu fr\u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edmapunkti og \u00e1fram, \u00fear me\u00f0 tali\u00f0 \u00e1h\u00e6ttu \u00e1 tj\u00f3ni e\u00f0a skemmdum \u00e1 a\u00f0alflutningslei\u00f0inni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Skref 4: Kaupandi s\u00e9r um a\u00f0alflutning<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Kaupandinn ber n\u00fa \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 skipuleggja flutning v\u00f6runnar \u00e1 loka\u00e1fangasta\u00f0. \u00deetta g\u00e6ti fali\u00f0 \u00ed s\u00e9r sj\u00f3flutninga, flugflutninga e\u00f0a landflutninga, allt eftir e\u00f0li sendingarinnar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Skref 5: Kaupandi s\u00e9r um tollafgrei\u00f0slu innflutnings<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u00deegar v\u00f6rurnar koma til lands kaupanda ver\u00f0ur kaupandinn a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 um tollafgrei\u00f0slu innflutnings. \u00deetta felur \u00ed s\u00e9r grei\u00f0slu allra vi\u00f0eigandi tolla, skatta og gjalda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Kostir \u00feess a\u00f0 nota FCA fyrir seljendur og kaupendur<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          B\u00e6\u00f0i kaupendur og seljendur geta noti\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0s af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 nota FCA Incoterm, \u00fear sem hann b\u00fd\u00f0ur upp \u00e1 sanngjarna dreifingu \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Fyrir seljendur<\/strong>:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          1. Minnku\u00f0 \u00e1h\u00e6tta<\/strong>\u00c1byrg\u00f0 seljanda l\u00fdkur \u00feegar varan hefur veri\u00f0 afhent flutningsa\u00f0ila \u00e1 tilgreindum sta\u00f0. \u00deetta \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 seljandi \u00fearf ekki a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hyggjur af \u00fev\u00ed hva\u00f0 gerist vi\u00f0 a\u00f0alflutninginn, \u00fear sem \u00e1h\u00e6ttan f\u00e6rist yfir \u00e1 kaupanda.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. Einf\u00f6ldu\u00f0 flutninga\u00fej\u00f3nusta<\/strong>\u00dear sem seljandi \u00fearf a\u00f0eins a\u00f0 afhenda v\u00f6rurnar \u00e1 tilgreindan sta\u00f0 og sj\u00e1 um \u00fatflutningsafgrei\u00f0slu, for\u00f0ast \u00feeir fl\u00e6kjustig al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legra flutninga.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          3. L\u00e6gri kostna\u00f0ur<\/strong>Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 f\u00e6ra \u00e1byrg\u00f0ina yfir \u00e1 kaupanda snemma geta seljendur for\u00f0ast mikinn kostna\u00f0 vi\u00f0 langar flutninga.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

            Fyrir kaupendur<\/strong>:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            1. Stj\u00f3rn \u00e1 flutningum<\/strong>FCA veitir kaupanda meiri stj\u00f3rn \u00e1 sendingarferlinu. Kaupendur geta vali\u00f0 s\u00e9r flutningsa\u00f0ila, sami\u00f0 um s\u00edn eigin ver\u00f0 og stj\u00f3rna\u00f0 flutningi eftir \u00fe\u00f6rfum.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            2. Sveigjanleiki<\/strong>H\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 nota FCA me\u00f0 hva\u00f0a flutningsa\u00f0fer\u00f0 sem er, sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hentar fyrir fj\u00f6lbreytt \u00farval af v\u00f6rum og flutningsa\u00f0fer\u00f0um. Kaupendur sem \u00feurfa fj\u00f6l\u00fe\u00e6tta flutninga geta noti\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0s af \u00feessum sveigjanleika.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            3. \u00c1h\u00e6ttust\u00fdring<\/strong>\u00dear sem kaupandinn ber \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00feegar v\u00f6rurnar eru afhentar hefur hann stj\u00f3rn \u00e1 tryggingum og \u00e1h\u00e6ttust\u00fdringu. \u00deetta getur veri\u00f0 gagnlegt fyrir kaupendur sem vilja tryggja a\u00f0 v\u00f6rurnar s\u00e9u a\u00f0 fullu trygg\u00f0ar me\u00f0an \u00e1 flutningi stendur.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

              Hven\u00e6r \u00e6ttir \u00fe\u00fa a\u00f0 nota FCA?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

              FCA Incoterm er s\u00e9rstaklega gagnlegt \u00ed \u00fdmsum vi\u00f0skiptatilfellum. H\u00e9r eru nokkur tilvik \u00fear sem FCA er besti kosturinn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              1. G\u00e1maflutningar<\/strong>FCA virkar vel fyrir v\u00f6rur sem eru fluttar \u00ed g\u00e1mum. Seljendur geta afhent v\u00f6rurnar \u00e1 g\u00e1mah\u00f6fnina e\u00f0a annan tilgreindan sta\u00f0 \u00fear sem flutningsa\u00f0ili kaupanda tekur vi\u00f0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              2. Fj\u00f6l\u00fe\u00e6tta flutningar<\/strong>Ef sendingin \u00fe\u00edn felur \u00ed s\u00e9r fleiri en eina flutningsm\u00e1ta (t.d. vegi og sj\u00f3), \u00fe\u00e1 b\u00fd\u00f0ur FCA upp \u00e1 sveigjanleika til a\u00f0 flytja \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feeim sta\u00f0 \u00fear sem seljandi afhendir sendinguna til flutningsa\u00f0ilans. \u00deetta er s\u00e9rstaklega gagnlegt fyrir fl\u00f3knar flutningske\u00f0jur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              3. Kaupandaval um stj\u00f3rn<\/strong>FCA er tilvali\u00f0 \u00feegar kaupandinn vill sj\u00e1 um meginhluta flutningsferlisins. \u00dea\u00f0 gefur \u00feeim m\u00f6guleika \u00e1 a\u00f0 velja sinn eigin flutningsa\u00f0ila og sj\u00e1 um flutninginn \u00e1 s\u00ednum eigin forsendum.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              4. \u00datflutningur sem krefst tollafgrei\u00f0slu seljanda<\/strong>FCA er g\u00f3\u00f0ur kostur ef seljandi ber \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 f\u00e1 v\u00f6rurnar tollafgreiddar. \u00deegar \u00fev\u00ed er loki\u00f0 flyst \u00e1byrg\u00f0in yfir \u00e1 kaupanda fyrir meginhluta fer\u00f0arinnar.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                FCA samanbori\u00f0 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0rar algengar Incoterms<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                Til a\u00f0 f\u00e1 betri skilning \u00e1 FCA skulum vi\u00f0 bera \u00fea\u00f0 saman vi\u00f0 nokkra af \u00f6\u00f0rum vins\u00e6lum Incoterms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                FCA vs. FOB (fr\u00edtt um bor\u00f0)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                FOB (Free On Board) er annar vins\u00e6ll Incoterm en er a\u00f0eins nota\u00f0ur fyrir flutninga \u00e1 sj\u00f3 og innanlandsvatnalei\u00f0um. \u00cd FOB ber seljandi \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 afhenda v\u00f6rurnar til skips \u00ed flutningsh\u00f6fn. \u00c1h\u00e6ttan flyst yfir \u00e1 kaupanda \u00feegar v\u00f6rurnar eru settar um bor\u00f0 \u00ed skipi\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Lykilmunur<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                • FCA<\/strong> h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 nota fyrir allar samg\u00f6ngum\u00e1ta, \u00e1 me\u00f0an FOB<\/strong> er takmarka\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 sj\u00f3flutninga.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u00cd FOB<\/strong>, \u00e1h\u00e6ttan flyst yfir \u00e1 \u00feeim sta\u00f0 sem skipi\u00f0 er lesta\u00f0 um bor\u00f0, en \u00ed FCA<\/strong>, \u00fea\u00f0 flyst \u00e1 tilgreindum sta\u00f0 (sem g\u00e6ti veri\u00f0 fyrr \u00ed ferlinu).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                  FCA \u00e1 m\u00f3ti EXW (Ex Works)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                  EXW (Ex Works) er einn af einf\u00f6ldustu Incoterms-samningunum, \u00fear sem kaupandi ber \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 v\u00f6runum fr\u00e1 starfsst\u00f6\u00f0 seljanda. Kaupandi ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 um allan flutning, tollafgrei\u00f0slu \u00fatflutnings og taka \u00e1 sig alla \u00e1h\u00e6ttu fr\u00e1 \u00feeirri stundu sem varan er ger\u00f0 tilt\u00e6k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Lykilmunur<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n
                  • \u00cd EXW<\/strong>, kaupandi tekur \u00e1 sig meiri \u00e1byrg\u00f0, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al \u00fatflutningsafgrei\u00f0slu, \u00e1 me\u00f0an hann er \u00ed FCA<\/strong>, seljandi s\u00e9r um \u00fatflutningsafgrei\u00f0slu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • EXW<\/strong> er betra fyrir seljendur sem vilja l\u00e1gmarks\u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku, en FCA<\/strong> b\u00fd\u00f0ur upp \u00e1 jafnv\u00e6gari n\u00e1lgun milli kaupanda og seljanda.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                    FCA vs. DAP (Afhent \u00e1 sta\u00f0num)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                    \u00cd DAP (Delivered at Place) ber seljandi \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 afhenda v\u00f6runa \u00e1 \u00e1fangasta\u00f0 kaupanda og grei\u00f0ir allan flutningskostna\u00f0 og \u00e1h\u00e6ttu fram a\u00f0 \u00feeim t\u00edmapunkti. Kaupandi ber a\u00f0eins \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 innflutningsgj\u00f6ldum og sk\u00f6ttum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Lykilmunur<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \n
                    • \u00cd FCA<\/strong>, kaupandi s\u00e9r um a\u00f0alflutninginn og ber \u00e1h\u00e6ttuna eftir afhendingu \u00e1 tilgreindan sta\u00f0, \u00e1 me\u00f0an hann er \u00ed DAP<\/strong>, seljandi s\u00e9r um flutning \u00e1 sta\u00f0 kaupanda.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • DAP<\/strong> er betra fyrir kaupendur sem vilja l\u00e1gmarks\u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 flutningum, en FCA<\/strong> hentar kaupendum sem vilja meiri stj\u00f3rn \u00e1 sendingarkostna\u00f0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                      FCA og fj\u00f6l\u00fe\u00e6tt flutningar<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                      Einn helsti kosturinn vi\u00f0 FCA er samh\u00e6fni \u00feess vi\u00f0 fj\u00f6l\u00fe\u00e6tta flutninga<\/strong>\u00cd al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legum frambo\u00f0ske\u00f0jum n\u00fat\u00edmans flytjast v\u00f6rur oft me\u00f0 fleiri en einum flutningsm\u00e1ta, svo sem vegum, j\u00e1rnbrautum, \u00ed lofti og \u00e1 sj\u00f3. FCA virkar vel \u00ed \u00feessum a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um \u00fev\u00ed \u00fea\u00f0 gerir kaupandanum kleift a\u00f0 taka stj\u00f3rn \u00e1 v\u00f6runum \u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edmapunkti sem hentar b\u00e1\u00f0um a\u00f0ilum, \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed hvernig varan heldur \u00e1fram fer\u00f0 sinni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      Til d\u00e6mis, ef v\u00f6rur eru fyrst fluttar me\u00f0 v\u00f6rub\u00edl til hafnar, s\u00ed\u00f0an sendar sj\u00f3lei\u00f0is til annars lands og a\u00f0 lokum fluttar me\u00f0 lest \u00e1 sta\u00f0 kaupandans, er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 beita FCA \u00e1 \u00feeim sta\u00f0 \u00fear sem seljandi afhendir v\u00f6rurnar til flutningafyrirt\u00e6kisins. \u00deetta gerir FCA mj\u00f6g sveigjanlegt og \u00fe\u00e6gilegt fyrir fyrirt\u00e6ki sem f\u00e1st vi\u00f0 fl\u00f3knar flutningalei\u00f0ir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \u00dea\u00f0 sem \u00fearf a\u00f0 hafa \u00ed huga \u00feegar FCA er nota\u00f0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                      \u00de\u00f3tt FCA s\u00e9 hagn\u00fdtur og sveigjanlegur Incoterm, \u00fe\u00e1 eru nokkrar m\u00f6gulegar gryfjur sem vert er a\u00f0 varast:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        \n
                      1. Nafngreindur sta\u00f0ur<\/strong>Tilgreini\u00f0 alltaf afhendingarsta\u00f0 sk\u00fdrt \u00ed samningnum. Hvort sem um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0i seljanda e\u00f0a annan sta\u00f0 \u00feurfa b\u00e1\u00f0ir a\u00f0ilar a\u00f0 koma s\u00e9r saman um hvar \u00e1byrg\u00f0in f\u00e6rist yfir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      2. \u00datflutningsleyfi<\/strong>Seljandi ber \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 \u00f6ll \u00fatflutningsg\u00f6gn og tollafgrei\u00f0sla s\u00e9u kl\u00e1ru\u00f0. Ef \u00feetta er ekki gert r\u00e9tt getur \u00fea\u00f0 leitt til tafa e\u00f0a aukakostna\u00f0ar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      3. Val \u00e1 flutningsa\u00f0ila<\/strong>\u00dear sem kaupandinn ber \u00e1h\u00e6ttuna \u00feegar v\u00f6rurnar eru afhentar flutningsa\u00f0ilanum er mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 velja \u00e1rei\u00f0anlegan flutningsa\u00f0ila. L\u00e9leg me\u00f0h\u00f6ndlun flutningsa\u00f0ilans getur leitt til skemmda e\u00f0a tafa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      4. Tryggingar<\/strong>\u00de\u00f3 a\u00f0 tryggingar s\u00e9u ekki krafist samkv\u00e6mt FCA g\u00e6ti kaupandinn vilja\u00f0 sj\u00e1 um \u00fe\u00e6r. \u00dear sem kaupandinn ber \u00e1h\u00e6ttuna fr\u00e1 afhendingarsta\u00f0 er mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 v\u00f6rurnar s\u00e9u trygg\u00f0ar \u00e1 fer\u00f0inni.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                        D\u00e6misaga: FCA vi\u00f0skipti \u00ed verki<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                        Vi\u00f0 skulum sko\u00f0a d\u00e6mi um FCA-vi\u00f0skipti til a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 hvernig \u00fea\u00f0 virkar \u00ed reynd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        Atbur\u00f0ar\u00e1s<\/strong>\u00de\u00fdskur raft\u00e6kjaframlei\u00f0andi (seljandi) sam\u00feykkir a\u00f0 selja t\u00f6lvu\u00edhluti til kaupanda \u00ed Japan. Kaupandinn \u00f3skar eftir afhendingu \u00e1 v\u00f6ruh\u00fasi \u00ed Hamborg \u00ed \u00de\u00fdskalandi \u00fear sem flutningsa\u00f0ili \u00feeirra mun s\u00e6kja v\u00f6rurnar til sendingar til Japans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          \n
                        1. \u00c1byrg\u00f0 seljanda<\/strong>:\n
                            \n
                          • Seljandi pakkar \u00edhlutunum og tryggir a\u00f0 \u00feeir s\u00e9u tilb\u00fanir til flutnings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • Seljandi s\u00e9r um tollafgrei\u00f0slu \u00fatflutnings og afhendir v\u00f6rurnar til tilnefnds flutningsa\u00f0ila kaupanda \u00ed v\u00f6ruh\u00fasinu \u00ed Hamborg.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • \u00deegar v\u00f6rurnar hafa veri\u00f0 afhentar flutningsa\u00f0ila \u00e1 v\u00f6ruh\u00fasinu l\u00fdkur \u00e1byrg\u00f0 seljanda.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • \u00c1byrg\u00f0 kaupanda<\/strong>:\n
                              \n
                            • Kaupandinn r\u00e6\u00f0ur flutningsa\u00f0ila til a\u00f0 s\u00e6kja v\u00f6rurnar fr\u00e1 v\u00f6ruh\u00fasinu \u00ed Hamborg.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • Kaupandinn s\u00e9r um sj\u00f3flutning til Japans og s\u00e9r um alla tollafgrei\u00f0slu og innflutningsgj\u00f6ld vi\u00f0 komu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • Fr\u00e1 \u00feeirri stundu sem varan er afhent flutningsa\u00f0ila ber kaupandi alla \u00e1h\u00e6ttu, \u00fear me\u00f0 tali\u00f0 \u00e1h\u00e6ttu \u00e1 skemmdum \u00e1 sj\u00f3fer\u00f0inni.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                              \u00cd \u00feessu tilviki gerir FCA Incoterm kaupanda kleift a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rna meginhluta flutningsins \u00e1 me\u00f0an \u00fe\u00e1tttaka seljanda l\u00fdkur snemma \u00ed ferlinu. \u00deessi skipting \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar virkar vel fyrir b\u00e1\u00f0a a\u00f0ila.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              Algengar spurningar um FCA Incoterm<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                              Q1: Hva\u00f0 gerist ef v\u00f6rurnar skemmast vi\u00f0 flutning?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n
                              • Ef v\u00f6rurnar skemmast eftir a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r hafa veri\u00f0 afhentar flutningsa\u00f0ila kaupanda, ber kaupandi \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 hugsanlegu tj\u00f3ni e\u00f0a tj\u00f3ni.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                Spurning 2: Er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 nota FCA fyrir sj\u00f3- og flugsendingar?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  \n
                                • J\u00e1, FCA er sveigjanlegt og h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 nota \u00fea\u00f0 fyrir allar flutningsm\u00e1ta, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al sj\u00f3flutninga, flugflutninga, vegaflutninga og j\u00e1rnbrautir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                  Spurning 3: Hver er munurinn \u00e1 FCA og CIP (flutnings- og tryggingagrei\u00f0slum greiddar til)?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                    \n
                                  • \u00cd FCA<\/strong>, kaupandi s\u00e9r um flutning og tryggingar eftir a\u00f0 v\u00f6rurnar hafa veri\u00f0 afhentar flutningsa\u00f0ilanum. CIP<\/strong>, seljandi ber \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 flutningi og tryggingum allt a\u00f0 \u00e1fangasta\u00f0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                    Spurning 4: Er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 breyta tilgreindum afhendingarsta\u00f0 eftir a\u00f0 samningur hefur veri\u00f0 undirrita\u00f0ur?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      \n
                                    • A\u00f0eins er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 breyta nafngreindum sta\u00f0 ef b\u00e1\u00f0ir a\u00f0ilar eru samm\u00e1la. Sk\u00fdr samskipti eru lykillinn a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast misskilning.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                      Yfirlit<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                                      A\u00f0 lokum, FCA (frj\u00e1ls flutningsa\u00f0ili)<\/strong> Incoterm er nau\u00f0synlegt verkf\u00e6ri \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0avi\u00f0skiptum og b\u00fd\u00f0ur b\u00e6\u00f0i upp \u00e1 sveigjanleika og sk\u00fdrleika fyrir kaupendur og seljendur. Me\u00f0 FCA s\u00e9r seljandi um p\u00f6kkun, \u00fatflutningsafgrei\u00f0slu og afhendingu \u00e1 tilgreindan sta\u00f0, en kaupandinn s\u00e9r um flutninginn \u00fea\u00f0an. \u00deessi jafnv\u00e6gisskipting \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar hj\u00e1lpar til vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 hagr\u00e6\u00f0a al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0avi\u00f0skiptum og tryggir a\u00f0 b\u00e1\u00f0ir a\u00f0ilar viti n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega hver ber \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 hverju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      Hvort sem \u00fe\u00fa ert n\u00fdr \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0avi\u00f0skiptum e\u00f0a ert a\u00f0 leita a\u00f0 betri lei\u00f0 til a\u00f0 skipuleggja flutningssamninga \u00fe\u00edna, FCA<\/strong> er fj\u00f6lh\u00e6fur og hagn\u00fdtur Incoterm sem h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 nota \u00e1 \u00fdmsum flutningsm\u00e1ta. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 skilja sm\u00e1atri\u00f0i FCA getur\u00f0u teki\u00f0 uppl\u00fdstar \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir sem gagnast b\u00e6\u00f0i fyrirt\u00e6ki \u00fe\u00ednu og vi\u00f0skiptaf\u00e9l\u00f6gum \u00fe\u00ednum.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                      FCA (Free Carrier) er Incoterm sem leggur megin\u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 afhendingu v\u00f6ru \u00e1 tiltekinn sta\u00f0 \u00e1 seljanda. \u00deegar seljandi afhendir v\u00f6runa til tilnefnds flutningsa\u00f0ila kaupanda \u00e1 tilgreindum sta\u00f0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5111,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5054","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5054"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5054\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10532,"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5054\/revisions\/10532"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5111"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5054"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5054"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5054"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}