{"id":6274,"date":"2024-10-15T14:57:22","date_gmt":"2024-10-15T14:57:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/?p=6274"},"modified":"2024-10-15T15:05:13","modified_gmt":"2024-10-15T15:05:13","slug":"understanding-the-harbor-maintenance-fee-hmf-what-it-is-and-how-it-affects-your-shipping-costs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/vi\/understanding-the-harbor-maintenance-fee-hmf-what-it-is-and-how-it-affects-your-shipping-costs\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Khi nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed. M\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0... <strong>Ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng (HMF)<\/strong>Kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n cho v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Ph\u00ed B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec C\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 g\u00ec, t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t khi h\u1ea1ch to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed n\u00e0y trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng (HMF) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1i <strong>Ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng (HMF)<\/strong> HMF l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed li\u00ean bang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp theo \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1986, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a HMF l\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng, b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 k\u00eanh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. Kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho c\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thu\u1ebf HMF \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u1ee5c H\u1ea3i quan v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3 (CBP) thu v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n thu n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho... <strong>Qu\u1ef9 \u1ee7y th\u00e1c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n<\/strong>Qu\u1ef9 n\u00e0y t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec nh\u01b0 n\u1ea1o v\u00e9t (lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n), s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>V\u00ec sao ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh HMF \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c dai d\u1eb3ng trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Theo th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u00edch t\u1ee5 b\u00f9n, m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1ea1o v\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i l\u1ea1i an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea1o v\u00e9t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 Qu\u1ef9 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec C\u1ea3ng (HMF), ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed5 d\u1ed3n l\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n li\u00ean bang ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. HMF \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n thu \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a l\u1edbn, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau: <strong>0.125%<\/strong> (0,00125) gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. Ph\u00ed n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a HMF:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u<\/strong>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0o Hoa K\u1ef3, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 0,125% gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0m Ph\u00ed B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec C\u1ea3ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba<\/strong>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa hai c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y ven bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu ph\u00ed n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D\u00e0nh cho xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u<\/strong>Xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u l\u00e0 <strong>mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb<\/strong> T\u1eeb Qu\u1ef9 Di s\u1ea3n Ho\u00e0ng gia (HMF), sau ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u0103m 1998 c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao, trong \u0111\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u l\u00e0 vi hi\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung h\u01a1n, n\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a b\u1ea1n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 1 tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3ng Anh (TP4T1), b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 1.250 b\u1ea3ng Anh (TP4T1,250) ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ai ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m thanh to\u00e1n ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tham gia v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u<\/strong>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0o M\u1ef9 th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed HMF. Ph\u00ed n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng quan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba<\/strong>C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c qua c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed HMF.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb<\/strong>H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa Alaska, Hawaii v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Hoa K\u1ef3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng trong khu v\u1ef1c Ng\u0169 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y St. Lawrence, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu ph\u00ed n\u00e0y n\u1eefa, theo ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u00e1n n\u0103m 1998.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ti\u1ec1n \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua HMF \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o... <strong>Qu\u1ef9 \u1ee7y th\u00e1c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n<\/strong>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>N\u1ea1o v\u00e9t c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n<\/strong>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u00e0u l\u1edbn, vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea1o v\u00e9t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Qu\u1ef9 HMF h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng<\/strong>C\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ea7u t\u00e0u, b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00e1c k\u00eanh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n<\/strong>C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 giao th\u00f4ng cao.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y s\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu kinh ph\u00ed, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n do s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>T\u1ea1i sao ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda do lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n, g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5, chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u0103ng th\u00eam v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HMF \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 lu\u00f4n an to\u00e0n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u00e0u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea3ng s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ecfi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 HMF \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa Alaska, Hawaii v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Hoa K\u1ef3<\/strong>C\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf HMF do nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a trong khu v\u1ef1c Ng\u0169 H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 k\u00eanh \u0111\u00e0o St. Lawrence<\/strong>H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu ph\u00ed HMF.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u<\/strong>Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu ph\u00ed HMF cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao ra ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft n\u0103m 1998 r\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed n\u00e0y l\u00e0 vi hi\u1ebfn khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 HMF \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ef9 ch\u01b0a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua Qu\u1ef9 C\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n (HMF) t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0o M\u1ef9, ph\u00ed HMF l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u1ecf (0,1251 TP3T), nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u0169y theo th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/strong>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef9 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec C\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n (HMF), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 kinh ph\u00ed cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n kinh ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh ph\u00ed HMF v\u00e0o chi ph\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0o M\u1ef9 ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u00ean l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty giao nh\u1eadn v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty giao nh\u1eadn gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi HMF (Ph\u00ed V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m trong t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a HMF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1i <strong>Ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng (HMF)<\/strong> Ph\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n (HMF) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, gi\u00fap t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 n\u1ea1o v\u00e9t c\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 HMF v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u00f3 v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty giao nh\u1eadn v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea3i quan c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 Ph\u00ed B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec C\u1ea3ng (HMF), t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chi ph\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf hay t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00ed B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec C\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea3ng (HMF) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed li\u00ean bang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp theo \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1986, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a HMF l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho... <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6305,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6274","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-basic-knowledge"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6274","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6274"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6274\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6306,"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6274\/revisions\/6306"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6305"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6274"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6274"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mbmlog.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6274"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}